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For engineers, especially American engineers , ‘applied science’, along with its higher status, could be claimed as their very own autonomous physique of information. For scientists, such as John Tyndall and Henry Rowland, ‘applied science’ was the appliance of pure science, a move that reserved the autonomy of their very own science while additionally claiming ‘credit for modern wonders of the economic age’ (p. 64). As Schatzberg notes, after 1850 the frequency of use of the term ‘mechanical arts’ dropped as ‘applied science’ increased. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, two further developments enforced the hierarchy. First, the definition of a transparent class of ‘fine arts’ split aesthetic creativity away from the mere craft abilities of the mechanical arts. Second, the relationship of ‘science’ to trade was topic to appreciable boundary work as scientists and engineers professionalized. To make sense of Schatzberg’s call to arms, we want to pay shut consideration to